Reflection on My Leadership!
Tommy Boone, PhD, MPH, MAM, FASEP, EPC
Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology
The College of St. Scholastica
Duluth, MN 55811
 

…the greatest gift that extraordinarily successful people have over the average person is their ability to get themselves to take action.

-- Anthony Robbins
Unlimited Power

WHAT I HAVE COME to realize is that the future is not something that is already determined!  It can be created.  But, to give shape and definition to the future requires taking risks and getting involved.  Most people aren’t willing to do either.  It is therefore genuinely difficult to get others to take charge of their destiny.  Perhaps, equally challenging is the fact that the nurturing process is exhausting.  It is one thing to understand that leadership is about change that occurs very slowly.  I have also come to acknowledge that living the change process is not without its ups and downs.  The controversy that associates with change is often fueled by insecurity, groupthink, and indifference [1] as well as power and politics [2].
    I have always believed exercise physiology is a healthcare profession [3].  After all, there shouldn’t be any doubt that exercise is medicine [4].  I understood this when I was the Graduate Coordinator at the University of Southern Mississippi.  Part of the reason I left the University was because the administrators refused to acknowledge the doctorate program as an exercise physiology healthcare degree.  Due to the influence of several other exercise physiologists on the faculty, they were dead set on the traditional view of Human Performance.  While sports competition and athletics are important, neither is essential to what I am as a person.  That is, even though I was an All-American gymnast in college, competition was always more about what I learned about myself as an athlete and not winning (or a power position) per se.
        After moving from Mississippi to Duluth, I didn’t want to go against colleagues I have known for decades but I didn’t have a choice.  As Chair of the Department of Exercise Physiology, I had to seize the moment or I had to resign from my position.  I came very close to doing the latter, but instead decided to talk with the Vice-President.  As life would have it, with Dr. Larry Goodwin’s support the timing was right in early 1997 to create the first-ever professional organization of exercise physiologists, the American Society of Exercise Physiologists (ASEP).  Little did I realize what I was doing [5-11].  While I am optimistic and excited about the future of exercise physiology [12], I now know that it will be a long climb with many obstacles.  Part of me gets this point while another part is frustrated beyond belief with the failure of others to get the big picture.
        As a result, connecting the dots is not without considerable work, given the traditional autocratic and hierarchical modes of leadership in competing organizations.  But, I am convinced that challenging the status quo is imperative if exercise physiologists are going to define and live their own reality.  My purpose of being an ASEP servant leader is to encourage collaboration, trust, listening, and the ethical use of power and empowerment.  That means that we must have a big vision with goals to keep the dream alive and growing.  This means that as a college teacher, my job is to serve the students of exercise physiology.  In time, they will be recognized as healthcare professionals and more autonomous in their practice of exercise physiology.
        While the ASEP organization is the catalyst for change [13], the downside is that it cannot provide the security that some colleagues (as members) need in academia.  More than once, supporting ASEP has been met with the painful reality check of the tenured faculty members who support the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) [14].  Such behavior is selfish and thoughtless [15] if not evil.  I have come to believe that nothing about the leadership of ACSM builds trust or empathy.  It is all about the top-down hierarchical structure found in many organizations.  The exercise physiologists are simply cogs in the generic sports medicine machine.
        From everything I have read and concluded, there isn’t any question that exercise physiology is a profession [16-17].  To not embrace this thinking is to ensure an uncertain future for the majority of the college graduates in dozens of academic degrees.  Fortunately, the primary motivation of the ASEP leadership is to help the students and the members deal with the challenges, issues, and problems they face.  With seemingly impossible odds and circumstances, they know that success is a matter of staying the course.  That way they can make sure the members’ highest-priority needs are being served.  But, again, to ensure that the members “grow as persons, become wiser, and freer,” the leadership must never, never give up.  Such thinking is imperative.  If only our colleagues would take a step back and examine the possibilities inherent in the ASEP perspective, they would see the value in supporting their own professional organization.
        Colleagues who are willing to take the path of least resistance aren’t big dreamers.  Often, in my writings, I have referred to their behavior as driven by comfortable indifference and groupthink.  Whatever it is called, the fact remains that it is difficult to move forwards when they are so inclined to stay exactly where they have been for decades.  They lack the foresight to understand the lessons from the past and the realities of the present-day career issues before their students.  The chief irony is that so many academic exercise physiologists haven’t a clue that their behavior is anything but smart.
        The rewards for giving up the old patterns may not come right away, but there is good evidence that it happens.  I have witnessed that the ASEP’s professional infrastructure (e.g., vision [18] and mission statements [19], goals and objectives [20], accreditation guidelines [21], national board certification [22], standards of professional practice [23], and books about the professionalization  [24] of exercise physiology) is serving the needs of those who embrace it.  All that is now needed is more time to build the professional community that will serve the spiritual, mental, and financial needs of exercise physiologists.
        The problem is that many college teachers can’t help their students as long as they refuse to think differently about exercise physiology.  As an example, students majoring in exercise science cannot graduate as exercise physiologists [25-26].  Yet, often times, they are encouraged to think they are exercise physiologists.  Unfortunately, this thinking stems from decades of misinformation and the lack of leadership.  This dark side of exercise physiology is poorly understood and never talked about at national meetings.  Academic exercise physiologists are controlled by the powerful influence of ACSM to be recognized as the leader in fitness and sports medicine.  However, I don’t believe that ACSM has the right to define the future of my students.  At some level, even the gatekeepers [27] who resist change know their stonewalling is indefensible.
        Part of what has influenced my decision to think differently about exercise physiology is my interest in art.  For many years, I have enjoyed pottery, relief carvings, pointillism, pen and ink, charcoal drawings, stain glass, and the occasional writing of poems.  I believe it was Abraham Joshua Heschel who said, “…that the meaning of life is to build a life as if it were a work of art.”  Paradoxically, I find myself stirred in the magic of art and the experience of cadaver dissection and cardiovascular physiology.  Not once did I ask for permission to do art, to develop three different cadaver labs in different universities, or to start ASEP.  In retrospect, perhaps, jokingly I should blame my father for instilling in me at an early age the right of each person to determine his or her own future.
        All of this speaks to the obvious:  Either we conform to conventional thinking or we grow as individuals.  As I see it, as an independent thinker, this is why I write about exercise physiology.  It is why I am transformed with an inward serenity of spirit.  I believe it is from my listening to years of emails from disappointed graduates that I realized then and still do that something had to be done.  Academic changes had to be made to improve the graduates’ quality of life.  That is why the ASEP leaders created the first-ever accreditation procedures for exercise physiology programs.
        Naturally, building a community of exercise physiologists will take decades [28].  The right to think outside the box [29], to ask questions [30], and to be different is the right of every person.  All I really want to do is to serve my students better so that they can have they same career opportunities as students from other healthcare programs have when they graduate.  I am not interested in being a recognized as leader or someone special.  I am not interested in power or position.
        The primary action plan that I think will strengthen what I do is to continue to read, write, and talk about exercise physiology as a healthcare profession.  But, I have come to realize that I must do these things in accordance with the thinking that underpins the servant leadership perspective [31].  That is why I plan to write more about service to others, how ASEP shares decision-making and, ultimately, why the ASEP infrastructure creates a more just and caring approach for all exercise physiologists.  As Marshall Sashkin and Molly G. Sashkin said [32], “This requires thinking, and thinking hard.”
        For years it didn’t occurred to me to think about my personal style of caring for exercise physiology.  However, after reading the definition of “Servant Leadership” on the website of the Greenleaf Center for Servant Leadership [33], I think it defines rather well my reasons for writing articles and books to move exercise physiology into the 21st century.  I honestly believe it is my duty to ensure that the career needs of my students are being properly served.  In fact, imagine the future of exercise physiologists, that is, dream with me for a moment [12]:

While approaching the building to my right, I got the impression of something special about it.  I thought it might be a lawyer's office complex or big medical clinic.  I parked my car in the one spot that was available, off to the side.  As I walked towards the front of the building, I noticed the sign above the huge entrance.  It read "Exercise Physiology Sports and Healthcare Complex." I was excited to see what was inside.  As the door opened, a woman approached me with her hand out.  As we shook hands, she said: "Thanks for visiting the future of exercise physiology and healthcare in the United States."  I thought the statement was rather bold.  As we walked from one room to the next, I was impressed with the colors and detail of the design process.  There were trees and plants of all kinds that glistened in the sunlight.  On the wall above the main desk for access and direction to the inner workings of the Complex was one of my favorite quotes by Albert Einstein:  “Imagination Is More Important Than Knowledge.”  There were several rooms just to my left with athletes of all ages who were hooked up to metabolic analyzers to evaluate their cardiovascular system.  I was told that the exercise physiologists in charge were evaluating the athletes’ complete physiological response to the graded exercise tests, not just VO2 max. Another rather large room had about a dozen post-myocardial infarction patients exercising under the supervision of Board Certified EPs, and still another room with numerous smaller divisions within it with young and middle-age men and women.  Some were being counseled for obesity, others for improving lean muscle mass, strength, and flexibility.  As we turn a corner, I surprised to see even more clients of various health conditions (e.g., diabetes, osteoporosis, depression, and cancer).  The regular exercise helps them copy and manage their lives. There were more rooms than I had time to see or to ask questions about.  From underwater weighing tanks to aerospace technology and altitude training there were six or maybe seven different exercise testing room with highly specialized equipment.  There were rooms dedicated to just computers, statistical software, data-reduction programs, and big-screen assessment tools; all were supervised by Board Certified EPs who, I was told, were writing research papers, grant proposals, and other in-house reports.  As we moved from the first floor to second, I noticed there were several nurses, physical therapists, athletic trainers, and strength coaches working throughout the Complex.  They were hired by the Director of the Complex, a Board Certified EP to ensure the integrated work of healthcare professionals.  Everything and everyone looked professional, especially as we turned to my right and entered another hallway.  There was an exercise physiologist in the front of a rather large room, talking about faith, spirituality, and the quality of the client’s health.  There were about 25 to 30 people in the room.  I was told that seminars like this one are an important part of the Complex. As we walked to the end of the hallway and took the stairs to the third floor, on one wall I read: "We are here to help you be stronger mentally, physically, and spiritually."  There were other "writings" and "affirmations" on the walls as well.  I was told that the writings were designed to promote self-esteem, positive thinking, and better health of their clients.  You had to be there to see it.  I was impressed.  They knew what they were talking about, and there was a feeling of "something special and fantastic" was taking place inside the Complex. The EPC who showed me around said that the future of the profession of exercise physiology has no limits. The doors are open for more creative opportunities to sustain personal financial stability and, yet do so with a reasonable and fair cost to the client than ever before.  She told me that their recent hires had graduated with a mixture of an exercise physiology and business courses.    There were brochures everywhere.  One caught my attention with the title, "The EPC Revolution in Healthcare."  Then, just as I put the brochure down, a teenager confided to me, "I am down in weight.  I'm getting stronger, and I like myself more.  My EPC has helped me get over being so angry, resentful, and jealous of others.  I don't think it would be the same at a fitness gym." I was told that exercise physiology, as a healthcare profession, allows Board Certified EPs to achieve as much or as little as they are determined to do.  I was told that the image of exercise physiology is one of lifelong learning in both the scientific aspects of sports training and related human endeavors and healthcare, especially in terms of personal satisfaction, opportunity, and caring.  Clearly, the community in which the Complex is located has reached out to it and values its presence.  It was all there in this Exercise Physiology Sports and Healthcare business.  I left the Complex significantly excited.  I knew that clients were getting the help they needed, and that their healthcare professionals were primarily exercise physiologists.  As I made my way back to my car, I passed a high school athlete bouncing a ball, a mother with her young child, maybe 5 or 6 years old, a lady who looked to be in her 80s, and man and his wife who looked anxious and worried.  It was then I thought, “Wow, they would sure benefit from the EPC counseling I observed inside the Complex.”  It was then that I understood the inscription on the outer wall of the building, The "Prescription" That Rescues YOU. Frankly, I was deeply touched and wondered how many other things I had missed.  I should have known this all along, for I was told that the owners of the Complex had a deep visceral interest in and dedication to exercise as the core ingredient to effective healthcare.  As I got into my car, I found myself reflecting on the fact that this was evidence that exercise physiology was more than acute and chronic changes to regular exercise.  Why has it taken so long to discover the power of exercise to build, sustain, and to heal?

What is to come is this:  The aging “baby boomers” will have significant age-related changes in vital organs that will need functional analysis and rehabilitation.  This fact is contrasted with the “…unprecedented wealth to spend on health services, wellness and prevention, and the rehabilitation…” [34].  With money to pay fee-for-service, many Americans stand to regain control over healthcare decisions with increased involvement in their care.  Exercise physiologists have the opportunity to organize smoking cessation programs, exercise for building athletic skills, for decreasing fat, and for increasing lean muscle tissue, nutritionally sound programs for athletics and a positive lifestyle, and stress management programs to decrease stress related conditions.  The overall result will be an increase in the client’s control over healthcare matters with a decrease in chronic diseases by 50% [34].
        I am hopeful that students will graduate and become owners of their healthcare complex.  Despite the challenges of doing so, it is obvious they are natural servants when it comes to the power of exercise to heal and prevent diseases and disabilities.  This is why I have taken a fresh and critical look at the servant-led exercise physiology healthcare complex versus the coercive authority of traditional jobs for fitness instructors.  Of course this process is a long road ahead but, since the principle has merit (i.e., it makes sure that other people’s highest priority needs are being served) and given that it empowers others (i.e., incites the courage to be, to act, and to succeed), it will prevail and it will be successful.
        As Oliver Wendell Holmes said, “…the great thing in this world is not so much where we stand, as in what direction we are moving: to reach the port of heaven, we must sail sometimes with the wind and sometimes against it – but we must sail, and not drift, nor lie at anchor.”  I choose to sail.  That means, as Greenleaf  [35] said, one who “goes out ahead and shows the way….”    I have provided ideas, structured much of the ASEP professional infrastructure, and I have taken significant risks.  The visionary concept of the Exercise Physiology Sports and Healthcare Complex is the ultimate consummation of the servant-first exercise physiologist’s role in healthcare.  It is within this context that the ability to rethink exercise as medicine allows exercise physiologists, as Greenleaf [36] said, “…see the whole in the perspective of history  -- past and future – to state and adjust goals, to evaluate, to analyze, and to foresee contingencies a long way ahead.”
        I can’t say it is my calling, although I am determined to stay the course.  Just as I said decades ago at a national meeting [37], “When a client is interested in deceasing body fat, low-intensity exercise is better than the commonly recommended high-intensity exercise.”  My thinking then was exactly the opposite of what was popular.  It took 20+ years for exercise physiologists to realize the truth of my earlier statement.  While many exercise physiologists proved my earlier point, it is an act of faith that I continue to write in the belief that my colleagues will discover the truth of ASEP within themselves.
        As Pablo Picasso [38] remarked, “Every act of creation is first of all an act of destruction.”  This is one aspect of professional development that people do not get.  This may indeed be the unseen part of exercise physiology that continues to be held captive by our tradition.  Now is the time to show some backbone because the process of change requires collaboration.  As such, this is the only logical way to frame the importance of professional development or the lack of it in exercise physiology.  Thus, it makes a big difference if the gatekeepers focus on themselves and not on their students?
        Not surprisingly, we know that to trust in God is to live by faith.  His Son, Jesus, wants us to live by faith.  It is as simple as believing that God controls all things.  In fact, as written in the Bible, faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the evidence of things unseen (Heb. 11:1).  It is my faith that assures me that the ASEP will be recognized.  There isn’t any reason that it shouldn’t be recognized as the professional organization of exercise physiologists.  Faith is critical to believing that exercise physiologists will have what they need to be recognized as credible healthcare professionals.
        Living by faith is a precious thing.  It is intimately connected to the prayer: “Oh Lord, you are part of this.  Please help.”  Cunningham [39] said it best, “If we have surrendered to God and are doing what He has called us to, then He is committed to our success.”  That is why I can say to students, “Don’t worry!”  We are going to make it.  It is just a matter of seeing the unseen, or as Bach [40, p. 15] says: “To see light when apparently there is only darkness, hope when there is seemingly nothing but despair, faith when it is crowded out by fear, the hint of joy when it appears there can never be anything but sorrow, victory in the shattering hour of defeat, and love when all seems engulfed by hate!”
        As Dale Carnegie [41] said, “The man who starts out going nowhere generally gets there.”  Isn’t that exactly what happened to exercise physiologists?  Not having a specific purpose or direction in mind during the 1950s, when exercise physiology evolved from physical education, the field ended up nowhere!  Now is the time to focus on where we want to be in the future.  That is exactly why ASEP was founded and has a vision that gives order, direction, and purpose.  To be sure, we can see the ordinarily unseen if we try hard enough.  Leaders need to be introspective, flexible, and a good delegator [42].
        I have faith that we will learn from our journey.  We can help those who keep clinging to the rock of yesterday to trust that ASEP is the right rope to grasp to climb out of the past into a today’s reality?  At its core, ASEP is a servant-organization; one that focuses on moral and ethical aspects of leadership.  The leaders have a plan, which reminds me what Johann Wolfgang von Goethe [43], German poet and dramatist said, “Life belongs to the living, and he who lives must be prepared for changes.”  For the sake of clarity, being prepared for change is the equivalent of “walking the talk.”
        Ultimately, as I said at the beginning of this piece, all change comes down to action.  Whether it is dropping a few pounds, beginning an exercise program, making more money, or writing a research paper, without “doing it” there is little to talk about.  The biggest challenge before each of us is coming to terms with the “…natural feeling that one wants to serve, to serve first.”  Regardless of our mistakes or failures to foster collaboration in the past, let us celebrate the unseen culture of expectation, opportunity, and live as Greenleaf chanted in The Servant as Leader, “servant first, servant always.”  As change agents from within the organization, students and other service-first leaders will come to acknowledge the importance of challenging the status quo, supporting the new 21st century ASEP vision, and sustaining the next generation of exercise physiologists.  I am convinced that today's students will become the new leaders of exercise physiology.
        After much reading and reflection, the skills and values at the core of my leadership are self-discipline and persistence.  The key that unlocks the door to opportunities is my determination and persistence.  Whether it is dropping a few pounds, developing closer relationships, or writing a scientific research paper, without “hard work” and “action” there is little to talk about.  The biggest challenge before each of us is learning self-discipline.  Often times it results from personal introspection and mindfulness (i.e., being fully aware of one’s self and others).  It is as the political philosopher John Schaar [44] said, “The future is not a result of choices among alternative paths offered by the present but a place that is created.  Created first in mind and will, created next in activity.  The future is not some place we are going to but one we are creating.  The paths to it are not found but made, and the activity of making them changes both the maker and the destination.”
        The central theme of my service to students and the profession is to ensure the new path that is made makes the old way obsolete.  I am confident that exercise physiologists can control their own destiny.  After all, the future is a matter of choice that depends on what we value and what we believe is important.  But, to get there, we must help others learn how to keep pressing, stretching, and pushing with the right identity [45].  The challenge is to educate and encourage exercise physiologists to feel comfortable with the notion that they can adhere to the ASEP Code of Ethics, start a healthcare business, control their destiny, and contribute to society through hard work, self-discipline, and service-oriented healthcare innovation [46].  None of this is easy.  Many times I have felt completely inept in dealing with the multitude of issues and conflicts.  I wish I could stand on the shoulders of predecessors, but there aren’t any.  No, I am not a saint, an elitist or even someone special.  I am neither perfect nor a martyr.  I am a college teacher who believes that the college degree should set the stage at graduation for a credible job.  Otherwise, what is the point of the spending $60,000 to $100,000+ on tuition loans?  It makes no sense.
        So, why not stop worrying about mistakes or failures and “Keep the change process going with what you have where you are.”  I have always believed there is a way.  It is just a matter of discipline.  Also, it is important to acknowledge that ASEP is already successful.  Equally important is the fact that the members can look to the ASEP leadership to support the concept of functional specialization.  In time, the exercise physiologist’s healthcare business will be carefully crafted to communicate a new, servant leadership strategy that deals specifically with the client’s healthcare issues and the athlete’s priorities [47].  This may entail integrating exercise physiology with spirituality, which is not likely to make sense to the non-ASEP exercise physiologists.  However, in time, they will come to understand the importance of grounding one’s self in the awareness of spirit on a daily basis.
        According to Costello-Nickitas [48], “…leaders are aware of the ‘three Ps’ of the workplace – power, politics, and policy – and that these three entities must be addressed….”  Everyone has read about charismatic power, information power, connection power, principle-centered power, coercive power, and reward power to mention a few.  Now that I understand servant leadership, I am interested in developing servant leadership within exercise physiology.  I want to do my work with integrity and conviction, which reminds me of Walter Lippmann said, “The final test of leaders is that they leave behind in others the conviction and the will to carry on.”
        When my students start writing, talking, and living the same dream, I will know that I have made a difference.  Then, I will know that I have influenced the direction of the profession of exercise physiology as well as challenged my colleagues to serve first, then, aspire to lead. 

 

References
 

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