Copyright ©1997-2005 American Society of Exercise Physiologists   All Rights Reserved.


        Professionalization of Exercise Physiologyonline           


         ISSN 1099-5862   Vol 8 No 4 April 2005 
 


 

Editor-in-Chief:   Tommy Boone, PhD, MPH, MA, FASEP, EPC
 
 
Entrepreneuring as an Exercise Physiologist
Steve Daugherty
Department of Exercise Physiology
The College of St. Scholastica
Duluth, MN 55811


THE PUBLIC in general needs to be more educated about exercise physiology.  Especially those in the health field (including exercise physiologists themselves).  When you tell someone that you are an exercise physiologist, they automatically label you as a physical therapist, athletic trainer or, if they have heard of exercise physiology before, a cardiac rehab specialist.  The main thing that exercise physiologists need to do in order to be successful is to give themselves an identity with the public sector.  Nobody knows who we are or what we are about because we do not advertise what we can provide for the community.  Before we are able to make an identity for ourselves, exercise physiologists must define more specifically their standards of practice.  That is, what can exercise physiologists do in the public sector to enhance the health and well being of everyone?  What can they do in athletics?  Rehabilitation?  Health and wellness, including fitness?  These are strangely enough unanswered questions.

What is Exercise Physiology?
The American Society of Exercise Physiologists (ASEP) defines exercise physiology [1] as,  "...the identification of physiological mechanisms underlying physical activity, the comprehensive delivery of treatment services concerned with the analysis, improvement, and maintenance of health and fitness, rehabilitation of heart disease and other chronic diseases and/or disabilities, and the professional guidance and counsel of athletes and others interested in athletics, sports training, and human adaptability to acute and chronic exercise."  

What are the Career Opportunities?
The ASEP leadership [2] states that, “exercise physiologists work in health promotion, fitness development, colleges and universities, clinical rehabilitation, and sport and athletic programs.”  The website also lists some of the specific positions that are filled by exercise physiologists:
  • sports and wellness program instructors and directors
  • strength coaches for college, university and professional sports programs
  • teachers at institutions of higher learning (i.e., if they have a PhD)
  • researchers in sports medicine and adult fitness programs
  • managers and exercise leaders in corporate wellness programs
  • instructors in health and fitness clubs
  • supervisors of specialized health, fitness, wellness, or lifestyle programs in correctional services, police, fire, and emergency response organizations
  • fitness instructors in YMCAs, spa and resort centers
  • exercise specialists in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programs
  • fitness directors and managers in the military (such as the air force and army)
  • exercise technologists in cardiology suites
  • exercise program designers for special need children
  • fitness instructors and supervisors at the state, regional, and national levels in sports and athletic programs including
  • sports management
  • sports psychology
  • sports biomechanics
  • nutritional consultation.
What is the Exercise Physiologist's Credibility?
Boone [3] states that “…exercise physiology research is credible, but exercise physiologists are not…” and “the medical community does not trust the judgment of the exercise physiologist.”  It seems as of now that the only credible exercise physiologists are those who have a PhD and are either teaching and/or working in research.  According to Boone, it is the public that provides credibility for a profession.  This makes sense considering that it is the public who is provided the service.  Therefore, it is the public who supplies the demand.  If exercise physiologists can satisfy the public's demand, then exercise physiology is credible.  

Now that the career opportunities are identified.  What is the exercise physiologist's target market?  Another way of saying the same thing is:  “Who do exercise physiologists want to provide services for?”  This is not to be a tricky question.  Obviously, exercise physiologists are educated to provide services to at many different levels, including the sick but not llimited to the sick.  Healthy individuals and athletes benefit from the services of the exercise physiologists.  In essence, then, the market includes health, wellness, fitness issues, all manner of diseases and dysfunctions that benefit from exercise rehabilitation, training for athletics, and education as well as research opportunities. 

How is a Public Demand Created for Exercise Physiologists?
Exercise physiologists may have a wealth of knowledge about the maintenance of mental and physical health issues, but it means nothing if we they not or cannot use the knowledge in the public sector.  Exercise physiologists must learn how to market themselves in order to create a demand for their services.  They need show the public the value of their knowledge.  In other words, they must create the market for exercise physiologists!  So, how do exercise physiologists go about making the public aware of their importance?

With the physical state that America is in today along with all the craze in society about how important living healthy is, it is an excellent period in history to make a mark in healthcare.  Much of the advertising is already obvious, such as the need for dieting to control body weight and regular exercise programs to stay healthy and physical fit.  Of course the value of exercise from a preventive view is always critical to decreasing the incidence of heart disease.  Interests is displayed everywhere, from television ads, billboards, newspapers, and magazines.  Most Americans know that living healthy is important, but they do not know how.  They may think that it is too hard to do so or they will just end up failing.  This is [the] opportunity for the exercise physiology profession.  America is overweight and less healthy than ever before.  

One example is that Type II diabetes (i.e.,“Adult Onset” diabetes) is no longer limited to adults.  Now, children and adolescents are diagnosed with Type II diabetes.  In the last 10 years, the prevalence of Type II diabetes in teenagers is 10 times higher [4].  Childhood obesity rates are increasing every year.  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that 15% of six-to-19-year-old Americans (almost 9 million) are classified as overweight [5].  With all the health risks that are involved with obesity the trends indicate a need for exercise physiologists to step in and help to turn the health of this nation around.  This is just one example of a target market for exercise physiology.

As entrepreneurs, exercise physiologists need to tackle many issues in order to be successful.  One of the main issues that needs to be tackled has nothing to do directly with health and wellness, but has to do with starting and running a business so that the exercise physiooogist's professional services can be made more readily available to the public.  Starting and running a business is something that most exercise physiologists do not anything about.  Hence, it is something that they learn either by doing research, receiving help from someone who does know, finding out the hard way (being thrown in the mix), or never learning at all.  Several important guidelines [6] that could be useful for an exercise physiologist to follow in becoming an entrepreneur are:
  1. Determine the needs of the client
  • What service do you provide?
  • Are you specializing in cardiac rehabilitation and/or exercise program development?
  • Who will be your clients?Are they elite athletes? Cardiac patients? Overweight children and adults?
  • What do potential clients think they need?
  • What potential problems can you solve for?
  • Why do you know these problems exist?
  • What geographical areas are your clients in, and what areas will you serve?
  • Who are the key people to whom the marketing will be geared?
  • Who provides a similar service, and how is it provided?
  • Why is your way of providing this service better than how the competition provides it?
  • What will be the source of payment for your services? Do funds exist?
2. Commit yourself to being a business
  • There is a ton of work that is involved with starting your own business. 
  • You must be motivated to do all of the work that is necessary.
  • Know that good businesses don’t grow overnight, it will take a lot of time and energy. [7]
3. Define your business mission
  • Have a specific area that you want to provide service for. 
  • Most of your time and energy should be put into marketing and providing your service to the niche market.
4. Create your business image
  • Choose the right name of your business.
5. Identify your target market
  • Who exactly do you want to provide your service for (i.e., be specific regarding characteristics of your projected clients including: age, economic status, location, service/treatment needed). 
  • Where will you find your clients?
  • Will they be referrals? If so, from whom and how?  [7]
6. Define your niche
  • What is different about your service? 
  • Demonstrate why your service is different and better than going to a health club or to a clinic or hospital. 
  • It could be that you provide more knowledge and better consultation over a larger scheme of mental and physical fitness than a personal trainer or a health club along with being cheaper than going to a hospital as well as having a closer, more personal relationship. 
  • As an exercise physiologist you have the knowledge based on your educational background to provide a service like no one else can.
7. Start networking
  • Networking [8] is defined as:  “To interact or engage in informal communication with others for mutual assistance or support.”
  • A large portion of your clients will likely come from referrals. 
  • These referrals may come from other health professionals such as doctors, nurses, and physical therapists, psychiatrists, friends, clients, along with other exercise physiologists.
  • According to an article in Credit Union Executive Journal, [9] there are three main types of networks:
    •  Individual, group, and the internet. 
    • The individual network is made of friends, associates, peers, teachers, faculty members, mentors, conference speakers, as well as those mentioned above. 
    • The group network is made of anyone who is involved with professional associations such as ASEP, even ACSM can be used as a networking tool for the entrepreneuring exercise physiologist. 
    • The internet can also be a useful tool in networking utilizing chat rooms, search engines, World Wide Web sites, and dialogue groups as well as gaining information from online resources.
  • The key to networking is to look for networking opportunities (e.g., when attending seminars, ASEP conventions, or other meetings). 
  • Let people know what you are doing, what your business involves.  With this in mind do not just talk about yourself and your business Rosner recommends that when at functions to “listen twice as much as you talk.”
  • Ask questions to other professionals and show interest in what they are involved with.  Otherwise you will most likely be seen as someone who is just trying to sell a product. 
  • Also, there are four basic steps to functional networking [10] that are helpful if followed.
    • Principle:  Create positive relationships with clients.  Make sure that they know they are important to you and that you do value their relationship.
    • Process:  Ask yourself and answer the following questions:
      • Why am I networking? 
      • Who will I be networking with? 
      • What am I able to give to the process? 
      • What will I hope to gain?
      • When will I network?
    • Place:  Where does networking take place?  Networking can take place just about anytime anywhere.  Always be looking for an opportunities to converse and share information with professionals in common fields of practice.  Common places to start networking are as listed before, meetings, conventions, seminars etc.
    • Practice:  Just like anything else in order to become good at networking you are going to have to practice.  Some tips given by Haggerty [10] to help you practice: 
      • Always keep business cards with you.
      • Know how to respond when someone says “Tell me about yourself.” 
      • Concentrate more on what you do and not what your job title is (e.g., saying that you develop exercise programs and provide consultation on lifestyle changes to overweight children, is more effective than just saying that you’re an exercise physiologist). 
      • Always be looking for prospects.  Just about anybody that you come into contact with is a prospect for networking. 
      • Always smile and have fun. [10]
Final Thoughts
Marketing and networking are two of the biggest ingredients that are included in starting a new business.  The problem is that marketing and networking along with other skills are needed to be a successful entrepreneur.  These are not generally taught in exercise physiology undergraduate programs at colleges and universities.  Therefore, it is strongly recommended that in order for exercise physiology as a profession to blossom to its full capacity, exercise physiologist must learn how to market themselves to the public.  If they can create a demand in the public sector for our services, we can then obtain credibility in the public’s eyes. 

"...a profession’s credibility is decided by the public." -- Tommy Boone


References
  1. American Society of Exercise Physiology. (2005). What is Exercise Physiology? [Online].  http://www.asep.org/
  2. American Society of Exercise Physiologists. (2004). Career Opportunities. [Online].  http://www.asep.org/career.htm
  3. Boone, T. (2001). Professional Development of Exercise Physiology. New York, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press.
  4. Howdle, S., & Wilkin, T.  (2001).  Type 2 diabetes in children.  Nursing standard. p. 38 - 42.
  5. Ramchandani, N.  (2004).  Type 2 diabetes: a burgeoning health problem among     overweight young americans.  American journal of nursing.  V. 104, p. 65-68.
  6. Czaplewski, L.  (1999).  Marketing Your Expertise.  Journal of IV nursing.  V.     22, p. 75 - 80.
  7. Dictionary.com.  (2005).  [Online].  http://dictionary.reference.com/
  8. Dayhoff, Nancy.  (2004).  CNS Entrepreneurship: Marketing 101.  Clinical nurse     specialist.  P 123 – 125.
  9. Baranowski, E.  (2000).  The nuances of networking.  Credit union executive     journal.  V. 40, p. 32-34.
  10. Haggerty, D.  (2004).  Successful networking begins as a state of mind.  Selling.     p. 13