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Editor-in-Chief:
Tommy Boone, PhD, MPH, MA, FASEP, EPC
Entrepreneuring
as an Exercise Physiologist
Steve Daugherty
Department of Exercise Physiology
The College of St. Scholastica
Duluth, MN 55811
THE PUBLIC in general needs to be more educated about exercise
physiology. Especially those in the health field (including
exercise physiologists themselves). When you tell someone that
you are an exercise physiologist, they automatically label you as a
physical therapist, athletic trainer or, if they have heard of exercise
physiology before, a cardiac rehab specialist. The main thing
that exercise physiologists need to do in order to be successful is to
give themselves an identity with the public sector. Nobody knows
who we are or what we are about because we do not advertise what we can
provide for the community. Before we are able to make an identity
for ourselves, exercise physiologists must define more specifically
their standards of practice. That is, what can exercise
physiologists do in the public sector to enhance the health and well
being of everyone? What can they do in athletics?
Rehabilitation? Health and wellness, including fitness?
These are strangely enough unanswered questions.
What is Exercise
Physiology?
The American Society of Exercise
Physiologists (ASEP) defines exercise physiology [1] as,
"...the identification of physiological mechanisms underlying physical
activity, the comprehensive delivery of treatment services concerned
with the analysis, improvement, and maintenance of health and fitness,
rehabilitation of heart disease and other chronic diseases and/or
disabilities, and the professional guidance and counsel of athletes and
others interested in athletics, sports training, and human adaptability
to acute and chronic exercise."
What are the
Career Opportunities?
The ASEP leadership [2] states that, “exercise physiologists work in
health promotion, fitness development, colleges and universities,
clinical rehabilitation, and sport and athletic programs.” The
website also lists some of the specific positions that are filled by
exercise physiologists:
- sports and wellness program instructors and
directors
- strength coaches for college, university and
professional sports programs
- teachers at institutions of higher learning
(i.e., if they have a PhD)
- researchers in sports medicine and adult
fitness programs
- managers and exercise leaders in corporate
wellness programs
- instructors in health and fitness clubs
- supervisors of specialized health, fitness,
wellness, or lifestyle programs in correctional services, police, fire,
and emergency response organizations
- fitness instructors in YMCAs, spa and resort
centers
- exercise specialists in cardiopulmonary
rehabilitation programs
- fitness directors and managers in the
military (such as the air force and army)
- exercise technologists in cardiology suites
- exercise program designers for special need
children
- fitness instructors and supervisors at the
state, regional, and national levels in sports and athletic programs
including
- sports management
- sports psychology
- sports biomechanics
- nutritional consultation.
What is the
Exercise Physiologist's Credibility?
Boone [3] states that “…exercise physiology research is credible, but
exercise physiologists are not…” and “the medical community does not
trust the judgment of the exercise physiologist.” It seems as of
now that the only credible exercise physiologists are those who have a
PhD and are either teaching and/or working in research. According
to Boone, it is the public that provides credibility for a
profession. This makes sense considering that it is the public
who is provided the service. Therefore, it is the public who
supplies the demand. If exercise physiologists can satisfy the
public's demand, then exercise physiology is credible.
Now that the career opportunities are identified. What is the
exercise physiologist's target market? Another way of saying the
same thing is: “Who do exercise physiologists want to provide
services for?” This is not to be a tricky question.
Obviously, exercise physiologists are educated to provide services to
at many different levels, including the sick but not llimited to the
sick. Healthy individuals and athletes benefit from the services
of the exercise physiologists. In essence, then, the market
includes health, wellness, fitness issues, all manner of diseases and
dysfunctions that benefit from exercise rehabilitation, training for
athletics, and education as well as research opportunities.
How is a Public
Demand Created for Exercise Physiologists?
Exercise physiologists may have a wealth of knowledge about the
maintenance of mental and physical health issues, but it means nothing
if we they not or cannot use the knowledge in the public sector.
Exercise physiologists must learn how to market themselves in order to
create a demand for their services. They need show the public the
value of their knowledge. In other words, they must create the
market for exercise physiologists! So, how do exercise
physiologists go about making the public aware of their importance?
With the physical state that America is in today along with all the
craze in society about how important living healthy is, it is an
excellent period in history to make a mark in healthcare. Much of
the advertising is already obvious, such as the need for dieting to
control body weight and regular exercise programs to stay healthy and
physical fit. Of course the value of exercise from a preventive
view is always critical to decreasing the incidence of heart
disease. Interests is displayed everywhere, from television ads,
billboards, newspapers, and magazines. Most Americans know that
living healthy is important, but they do not know how. They may
think that it is too hard to do so or they will just end up
failing. This is [the] opportunity for the exercise physiology
profession. America is overweight and less healthy than ever
before.
One example is that Type II diabetes (i.e.,“Adult Onset” diabetes) is
no longer limited to adults. Now, children and adolescents are
diagnosed with Type II diabetes. In the last 10 years, the
prevalence of Type II diabetes in teenagers is 10 times higher
[4]. Childhood obesity rates are increasing every year. The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) shows that 15% of six-to-19-year-old Americans
(almost 9 million) are classified as overweight [5]. With all the
health risks that are involved with obesity the trends indicate a need
for exercise physiologists to step in and help to turn the health of
this nation around. This is just one example of a target market
for exercise physiology.
As entrepreneurs, exercise physiologists need to tackle many issues in
order to be successful. One of the main issues that needs to be
tackled has nothing to do directly with health and wellness, but has to
do with starting and running a business so that the exercise
physiooogist's professional services can be made more readily available
to the public. Starting and running a business is something that
most exercise physiologists do not anything about. Hence, it is
something that they learn either by doing research, receiving help from
someone who does know, finding out the hard way (being thrown in the
mix), or never learning at all. Several important guidelines [6]
that could be useful for an exercise physiologist to follow in becoming
an entrepreneur are:
- Determine
the needs of the client
- What service do you provide?
- Are you specializing in cardiac
rehabilitation and/or exercise program development?
- Who will be your clients?Are they elite
athletes? Cardiac patients? Overweight children and adults?
- What do potential clients think they need?
- What potential problems can you solve for?
- Why do you know these problems exist?
- What geographical areas are your clients in,
and what areas will you serve?
- Who are the key people to whom the marketing
will be geared?
- Who provides a similar service, and how is it
provided?
- Why is your way of providing this service
better than how the competition provides it?
- What will be the source of payment for your
services? Do funds exist?
2. Commit yourself to being a business
- There is a ton of work that is involved with
starting your own business.
- You must be motivated to do all of the work
that is necessary.
- Know that good businesses don’t grow overnight,
it will take a lot of time and energy. [7]
3. Define your business mission
- Have a specific area that you want to provide
service for.
- Most of your time and energy should be put into
marketing and providing your service to the niche market.
4. Create your business image
- Choose the right name of your business.
5. Identify your target market
- Who exactly do you want to provide your
service for (i.e., be specific regarding characteristics of your
projected clients including: age, economic status, location,
service/treatment needed).
- Where will you find your clients?
- Will they be referrals? If so, from whom and
how? [7]
6. Define your niche
- What is different about your service?
- Demonstrate why your service is different and
better than going to a health club or to a clinic or hospital.
- It could be that you provide more knowledge
and better consultation over a larger scheme of mental and physical
fitness than a personal trainer or a health club along with being
cheaper than going to a hospital as well as having a closer, more
personal relationship.
- As an exercise physiologist you have the
knowledge based on your educational background to provide a service
like no one else can.
7. Start networking
- Networking [8] is defined as: “To
interact or engage in informal communication with others for mutual
assistance or support.”
- A large portion of your clients will likely
come from referrals.
- These referrals may come from other health
professionals such as doctors, nurses, and physical therapists,
psychiatrists, friends, clients, along with other exercise
physiologists.
- According to an article in Credit Union Executive Journal, [9]
there are three main types of networks:
- Individual, group, and the
internet.
- The individual
network is made of friends, associates, peers, teachers, faculty
members, mentors, conference speakers, as well as those mentioned
above.
- The group
network is made of anyone who is involved with professional
associations such as ASEP, even ACSM can be used as a networking tool
for the entrepreneuring exercise physiologist.
- The internet
can also be a useful tool in networking utilizing chat rooms, search
engines, World Wide Web sites, and dialogue groups as well as gaining
information from online resources.
- The key to networking is to look for networking
opportunities (e.g., when attending seminars, ASEP conventions, or
other meetings).
- Let people know what you are doing, what your
business involves. With this in mind do not just talk about
yourself and your business Rosner recommends that when at functions to
“listen twice as much as you talk.”
- Ask questions to other professionals and show
interest in what they are involved with. Otherwise you will most
likely be seen as someone who is just trying to sell a product.
- Also, there are four basic steps to functional
networking [10] that are helpful if followed.
- Principle:
Create positive relationships with clients. Make sure that they
know they are important to you and that you do value their relationship.
- Process:
Ask yourself and answer the following questions:
- Why am I networking?
- Who will I be networking with?
- What am I able to give to the
process?
- What will I hope to gain?
- When will I network?
- Place:
Where does networking take place? Networking can take place just
about anytime anywhere. Always be looking for an opportunities to
converse and share information with professionals in common fields of
practice. Common places to start networking are as listed before,
meetings, conventions, seminars etc.
- Practice:
Just like anything else in order to become good at networking you are
going to have to practice. Some tips given by Haggerty [10] to
help you practice:
- Always keep business cards with you.
- Know how to respond when someone says
“Tell me about yourself.”
- Concentrate more on what you do and not
what your job title is (e.g., saying that you develop exercise programs
and provide consultation on lifestyle changes to overweight children,
is more effective than just saying that you’re an exercise
physiologist).
- Always be looking for prospects.
Just about anybody that you come into contact with is a prospect for
networking.
- Always smile and have fun. [10]
Final Thoughts
Marketing and networking are two of the biggest ingredients that are
included in starting a new business. The problem is that
marketing and networking along with other skills are needed to be a
successful entrepreneur. These are not generally taught in
exercise physiology undergraduate programs at colleges and
universities. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that in order
for exercise physiology as a profession to blossom to its full
capacity, exercise physiologist must learn how to market themselves to
the public. If they can create a demand in the public sector for
our services, we can then obtain credibility in the public’s
eyes.
"...a profession’s
credibility is decided by the public." -- Tommy Boone
References
- American Society of Exercise Physiology.
(2005). What is Exercise Physiology? [Online].
http://www.asep.org/
- American Society of Exercise Physiologists.
(2004). Career Opportunities. [Online].
http://www.asep.org/career.htm
- Boone, T. (2001). Professional Development of
Exercise Physiology. New York, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press.
- Howdle, S., & Wilkin, T.
(2001). Type 2 diabetes in children. Nursing standard. p.
38 - 42.
- Ramchandani, N. (2004). Type 2
diabetes: a burgeoning health problem among
overweight young americans. American journal of
nursing. V. 104, p. 65-68.
- Czaplewski, L. (1999). Marketing
Your Expertise. Journal of IV nursing. V.
22, p. 75 - 80.
- Dictionary.com. (2005).
[Online]. http://dictionary.reference.com/
- Dayhoff, Nancy. (2004). CNS
Entrepreneurship: Marketing 101. Clinical nurse
specialist. P 123 – 125.
- Baranowski, E. (2000). The
nuances of networking. Credit union executive
journal. V. 40, p. 32-34.
- Haggerty, D. (2004). Successful
networking begins as a state of mind. Selling.
p. 13
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